Beyond Blood Pressure Reduction: The heterogeneous pharmacologic and clinical effects of beta-blockers – MOC Section 1

Explain the evolution of beta-blockers from nonselective agents to cardioselective agents with ancillary properties
Describe the role and recommended use of beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension
Differentiate among the available beta-blockers based on their heterogeneous pharmacologic effects and how they may translate into clinical outcomes
Recognize the limitations of considering class effects of beta-blockers with respect to clinical efficacy and safety